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Since the start of the Second Chechen War in 1999, Russian federal authorities are alleged to have implemented a plan to use legal and extralegal methods to limit media access to the conflict region.〔Mereu, Francesca; Saradzhyan, Simon (March 18, 2005). "(Smokescreen Around Chechnya )". ''The Moscow Times''.〕 ==Chechen conflict== The Russian government's control of all Russian television stations and its use of repressive rules, harassment, censorship, intimidation〔Lipatov, Yuriy (January 23, 2000). "(Russian TV accuses military of censorship )". BBC News.〕 and attacks on journalists, including the kidnapping of Radio Liberty correspondent Andrei Babitsky by the Russian military, almost completely deprived the Russian public of the independent information on the conflict. Local journalists in Chechnya face intense harassment and obstruction,〔"(Kremlin Stifles Critical Coverage of Chechnya )". IFEX.〕 while foreign journalists and media outlets are pressured into censoring their reports on the conflict,〔Aliev, Timur (January 27, 2005). "(Silencing Chechnya )". ''The Moscow Times''.〕 making it nearly impossible for journalists to provide balanced coverage of Chechnya. Since 2001, with the headlines dominated by news of the Israeli-Arab conflict and the U.S.-led War on Terrorism, the conflict has been almost completely forgotten by the international media.〔(Chechnya: 10 years of conflict ) BBC News. December 2, 2004.〕 Few Russian journalists continue to cover the Chechen conflict, and even fewer dare to criticize the government, instead choosing self-censorship.〔Cozens, Claire (September 7, 2004). "(Inquiry urged into 'poisoning' of Russian journalist )". ''The Guardian''.〕 In 2005, the Duma passed the law making the journalists being able to have access to and publish information about terrorist attacks only with permission from those directing counter-terrorist operations.〔 On August 2, 2005, responding to the airing of an interview with Shamil Basayev, Moscow banned journalists of the American Broadcasting Company network from working in Russia.〔"(Russia: Moscow Says It Will Punish U.S. TV Network Over Basaev Interview )". RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty. August 3, 2005.〕 In 2006, the Duma approved the Law on Fighting Extremist Activity, broadening the definition of "extremism" to include media criticism of public officials and provide for imprisonment of up to three years for journalists and the suspension or closure of their publications.〔"(Russia’s "Extremism" Law Should Be Withdrawn: WAN )". World Association of Newspapers. July 13, 2006.〕 The law was used that same year to shut down the Russian-Chechen Friendship Society〔"(Russian-Chechen Friendship Society Closed )". RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty. October 14, 2006.〕 and convicted its executive director Stanislav Dmitrievsky of "extremist" activities.〔Gershman, Carl (October 21, 2006). "(The Darkness Spreading Over Russia )". ''The Washington Post''.〕 Also in 2006, Moscow journalist Boris Stomakhin was sentenced to five years in prison on charges of "inciting ethnic hatred" in his reports about the conflict in Chechnya.〔Levitov, Maria (November 21, 2006). "(Editor Jailed for His Coverage of Chechnya )". ''The Moscow Times''.〕 On 7 October 2006, Anna Politkovskaya, Russian journalist and political activist well known for her opposition to the Chechen conflict and Russian authorities, was shot dead in Moscow in an apparent contract killing. In March 2007, a Levada Center poll asked Russians how they thought the situation in Chechnya was covered in the Russian media: 49 percent said they thought the coverage does not give a clear sense of what is happening, while 28 percent said it is not objective and "hides" the problems that exist there. Only 11 percent said they were happy with media coverage of Chechnya.〔"(Poll Finds a Plurality of Russians Distrust Ramzan )". The Jamestown Foundation. March 15, 2007.〕 In September 2007, police and security forces in the neighbouring republic of Ingushetia were issued orders to stop informing the media of any "incidents of a terrorist nature."〔"(Ingushetia Bans Reporting on 'Terrorist Acts' )". Radio Free Europe. October 3, 2007.〕 Practically all the local Chechen media are now under total control of the pro-Moscow Chechen government of Ramzan Kadyrov. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Russian government censorship of Chechnya coverage」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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